Boolean Operations
Boolean operations are ways to combine simple geometries into complex ones. Three Boolean operations are supported in Geant4: UNION, SUBTRACTION, and INTERSECTION, as shown in the figure below.
Note There is no need to use Boolean operation to dig a hole inside a larger volume in order to place a smaller one inside the larger one. Placing a small volume directly inside a larger one won’t create overlapping. Instead, the smaller volume becomes a daughter volume of the larger one, and its material replaces that of the larger one.